2020考研英语语法：非谓语动词在考研试题中的应用

暑假备考期间，很多考生选择考研试题作为复习资料，在理解考研试题长难句的过程中，很多同学分不清究竟什么是非谓语动词，经常把其看成是一个句子的谓语，导致理不清句子的主干，从而不理解句子的含义，但是要知道非谓语动词除了在句子中不能独立当谓语外，可以做主语，宾语，表语，定语，状语，宾语补足语等成分，本文英语老师选取考研试题句子进行分析，旨在帮助考生识别非谓语动词，从而更好地理解考研试题中的长难句。

During the decade before the economic crisis, spending on legal services in America grew twice as fast as inflation. The best lawyers made skyscrapers-full of money, tempting ever more students to pile into law schools. But most law graduates never get a big-firm job.

本段话中出现了tempting ever more students to pile into law schools 的v-ing短语充当状语。译文为：经济危机前的十年间，美国法律服务方面开销的增长速度是通货膨胀时期的两倍，律师界的精英们收入丰厚，从而吸引更多的学生进入法学院，然而，大多数法律专业的毕业生并未能获得在大公司工作的机会。

There are many reasons for this. One is the excessive costs of a legal education. There is just one path for a lawyer in most American states: a four-year undergraduate degree in some unrelated subject,then a three-year law degree at one of 200 law schools authorized by the American Bar Association and an expensive preparation for the bar exam.

本段话中出现了“authorized by the American Bar Association”v-ed短语做后置定语修饰前文中的200 law schools，此段译为：导致这一现象的原因很多，其中之一是法律教育过高的成本，在美国大多数州，成为律师的唯一途径就是：首先进行一些不相干学科的四年本科学位学习，然后在美国律师协会认可的200多所法学院之一进行三年的法律学位学习，同时还要准备学费高昂的律师资格证考试。

Reforming the system would help both lawyers and their customers. Sensible ideas have been around for a long time, but the state-level bodies that govern the profession have been too conservative to implement them. One idea is to allow people to study law as an undergraduate degree. Another is to let students sit for the bar after only two years of law school.

本段中出现了v-ing短语Reforming the system在句子中做主语，以及to do 不定式短语“to allow people to study law as an undergraduate degree”“to let students sit for the bar after only two years of law school”做表语，.本段话译为：改革这一体系有益于律师和他们的客户，改革的合理建议很早之前就已经形成，但是负责律师行业的州一级管理部门过于保守而并未实施，一种建议是允许学生在本科阶段学习法律专业。另一种建议是允许学生在法学院学习两年后即可参加法律资格考试。

In fact, allowing non-lawyers to own shares in law firms would reduce costs and improve services to customers, by encouraging law firms to use technology and to employ professional managers to focus on improving firms’ efficiency.

本段中出现了v-ing短语分别是“allowing non-lawyers to own shares in law firms”以及“encouraging law firms to use technology and to employ professional managers to focus on improving firms’ efficiency”前者做主语，后者做介词by的宾语。本段话的译文为：事实上，允许非职业律师在律师事务所参股，可以鼓励律师事务所所采用高科技，雇佣职业经理人负责事务所效率提高，以此来降低成本，提高服务水平。